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Frameworks for Conceptualizing the US Political Right:
Countersubversion Theory
Countersubversion theory emerges from the industrial revolution and the
rise of organized labor. Countersubversion theory merged as the analytical
model favored by corporate elites and private security firms to enlist
state agencies in an effort to repress strikes and civil unrest aimed at
industrial worksites and mines. Countersubversion theory later expanded
beyond its early focus on alleged labor agitation and organizing by communists
and anarchists to see all dissident social movements arising not from any
real social or economic conditions, but as the creation of outside agitators
who comprise a cadre at the epicenter of the movement.4 These
leaders use the movement as a front to hide their plans for criminal subversive
activity and eventual violent armed revolution.5
A key feature of countersubversion identified by author Frank Donner was
the focus on individual ringleaders, outside agitators, foreign agents,
hidden conspirators, and master manipulators. "The emphasis on individuals-cherchez
la personne!-plays another quite separate role in the intelligence
schema. It personalizes unrest and thus detaches it from social and economic
causes. Under this view the people are a contented lot, not given to making
trouble until an `agitator' stirs them up. As soon as he or she is exposed
or neutralized, all will be well again."6
The solution for challenging "subversive" groups is to use widespread
surveillance and infiltration to penetrate to the core of the movement,
expose the criminal cadre, and restore order as the larger movement collapses
without the manipulators to urge them to press their grievances which were
never significant to begin with. TOC | Next
Overviews of the Three Conceptual Models
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